Friday, April 22, 2011

Repetitive for a Reason (Menachot 44a)

Ever wonder why the line "I am the Lord your God" repeats itself in Numbers 15:41:
I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of Egypt to be your God. I am the LORD your God.’
Here's an interesting story that seeks to answer the question (translation Soncino). Even though it's not relevant I'm going the whole text because it's really THAT good:
It was taught: R. Nathan said, There is not a single precept in the Torah, even the lightest, whose reward is not enjoyed in this world; and as to its reward in the future world I know not how great it is. Go and learn this from the precept of tzitzit. Once a man, who was very scrupulous about the precept of tzitzit, heard of a certain harlot in one of the towns by the sea who accepted four hundred gold [denars] for her hire. He sent her four hundred gold [denars] and appointed a day with her. When the day arrived he came and waited at her door, and her maid came and told her, ‘That man who sent you four hundred gold [denars] is here and waiting at the door’; to which she replied ‘Let him come in’. When he came in she prepared for him seven beds, six of silver and one of gold; and between one bed and the other there were steps of silver, but the last were of gold. She then went up to the top bed and lay down upon it naked. He too went up after her in his desire to sit naked with her, when all of a sudden the four fringes [of his garment] struck him across the face; whereupon he slipped off and sat upon the ground. She also slipped off and sat upon the ground and said, ‘By the Roman Capitol, I spear I will not leave you alone until you tell me what blemish you saw in me. ‘By the Temple’, he replied, ‘I swear I have never seen a woman as beautiful as you are; but there is one precept which the Lord our God has commanded us, it is called tzitzit, and with regard to it the expression ‘I am the Lord your God’ is twice written (In Numbers 15:41), signifying, I am He who will exact punishment in the future, and I am He who will give reward in the future. Now [the tzitzit] appeared to me as four witnesses [testifying against me]’.
She said, ‘I will not leave you until you tell me your name, the name of your town, the name of your teacher, the name of your school in which you study the Torah’. He wrote all this down and handed it to her. Thereupon she arose and divided her estate into three parts; one third for the government, one third to be distributed among the poor, and one third she took with her in her hand; the bed clothes, however, she retained. She then came to the Beth Hamidrash of R. Hiyya, and said to him, ‘Master, give instructions about me that they make me a proselyte’. ‘My daughter’, he replied; ‘perhaps you have set your eyes on one of the disciples?’ She thereupon took out the script and handed it to him. ‘Go’, said he ‘and enjoy your acquisition’. Those very bed-clothes which she had spread for him for an illicit purpose she now spread out for him lawfully. This is the reward [of the precept] in this world; and as for its reward in the future world I know not how great it is.
The story speaks for itself and is a great example of humor in the bible (I mean come on! His tzitzit come to life and start hitting him!). However, in addition there is a theological message. We are reminded twice that Adonai is "our God" at the end of the Veahavtah (Numbers 15:41) as a further connection to the Shema. If God is really ONE then God is responsible for both the good and the bad in the world.

The Rabbis have come up with something brilliant. We begin the Shema with a statement of monotheism and (with the help of this Midrash) we end the third paragraph of the Shema with the same statement. "I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of Egypt to be your God. I am the LORD your God" has become a bookend to the prayer that reminds us just how ONE God really is.

3 comments:

  1. When I was taught this story, I was also taught the Gematriya of the Tzitzit:
    Tzadi+Yud+Tzadi+Yud+Tav=600
    +8 strings + 5 sets of double knots=613.
    So, I was taught, when the tzitziyot hit him in the face (not by magic, but when he went to remove his garment, from which they were hanging), he was struck with the enormity of all of the Mitzvot at once.

    Thanks for a nice Shabbat study, Marc!

    ReplyDelete
  2. Reminds me about Kimhi's commentary on circumcision being like Tzittzit

    Circumcision, like tzitzit, tefillin, and other mitzvot shall be a token of remembrance. However, being imprinted on the human body, it is the strongest sign of all . . . God chose this particular organ as the
    common instrument of sin, and the principal source of carnal lust. De B'rit Milah, by reminding the Jew of the Divine commandments when about to transgress with that organ, will prevent him from sinning. He will not follow his unbridled sexual desires like an animal, but satisfy them within the confines of the Torah, to reproduce and maintain his health.

    ReplyDelete
  3. Thanks Josh and Ira. Both great points.

    ReplyDelete